Clay Shield Filling Material

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Kenixiao (Clay Shield Filling Material) is an external filling material dedicated to shield tunnelling, composed of synthetic calcium-based clay minerals (modified inorganic calcium carbonate + calcium cellulose), cellulose derivatives and polymer additives. When mixed with water, it forms a high-density slurry; when combined with water glass (sodium silicate) via dual-liquid grouting equipment, it instantly forms a high-viscosity plastic gel, injected through radial ports into the annular gap between excavation diameter and shield body to fill voids and control surface settlement.

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Product Overview

Kenixiao (Clay Shield Filling Material) is an external filling material dedicated to shield tunnelling, composed of synthetic calcium-based clay minerals (modified inorganic calcium carbonate + calcium cellulose), cellulose derivatives and polymer additives. When mixed with water, it forms a high-density slurry; when combined with water glass (sodium silicate) via dual-liquid grouting equipment, it instantly forms a high-viscosity plastic gel, injected through radial ports into the annular gap between excavation diameter and shield body to fill voids and control surface settlement.

HDC-KNX series follows proven domestic and international Kenixiao formulations. The material features three key properties: "non-solidifying, high plasticity, good support". It has been applied in multiple urban rail transit projects, especially for sections with strict settlement control requirements, such as TBM under-crossing existing buildings, railways and pipelines.

Packaging & Storage

Model	Component	Packaging	Shelf Life	Notes
HDC KNX	Component A: Dry Powder	25 kg Bag	6 months	Moisture-proof
HDC KNX	Component B: Sodium Silicate	300 kg Iron Drum	6 months	Store Component B sealed; avoid contact with acids

Technical Specifications

Component A (Dry Powder)

Test Item	Specification	Test Method
Appearance	Greyish-white powder	Visual
Main Component	Modified CaCO₃	XRD
Calcium Cellulose Content	4% – 5%	Gravimetric
Moisture Content	≤ 3%	GB/T 6284
Fineness(200 mesh residue)	≤ 5%	GB/T 1345
Bulk Density	0.8 – 1.2 g/cm³	GB/T 16913

Component B (Sodium Silicate)

Test Item	Specification	Test Method
Appearance	Colorless to light yellow liquid	Visual
Modulus (SiO₂/Na₂O)	2.8 – 3.2	GB/T 4209
Baume Degree (20°C)	38 – 42°Bé	Densimeter
Density (20°C)	1.36 – 1.42 g/cm³	GB/T 1884
Viscosity (20°C)	≤ 200 m Pa·s	GB/T 10247

Mixed Gel Properties

Test Item	Specification	Test Method
Gel Time	5 – 30 s (adjustable)	JG/T 450
Viscosity (after mixing)	≥ 5,000 mPa·s	GB/T 10247
Plastic Strength(24h)	0.02 – 0.10 MPa	JGJ/T 70
Bleeding Rate (24h)	≤ 3%	GB/T 50080
Non-solidifying	Still plastic after 28 days	T/CES 61
pH Value	11 – 13	GB/T 6368

Key Advantages

• Effective settlement control

Timely filling of shield-ground gap reduces ground loss
• Non-solidifying

Still plastic after 28 days, can be squeezed out by advancing shield
• Adjustable gel time

5–30 s adjustable, suits different TBM diameters and injection distances
• Good support

Plastic strength 0.02–0.10 MPa, effectively supports overlying soil
• Proven track record

900+ domestic cases across multiple ground types
• Applicable scenarios

Under-crossing buildings, railways, existing metro lines, pipelines

Application Guide

Kenixiao is applied via dual-liquid grouting. Component A (dry powder mixed with water at 1:1 ratio to form slurry) and Component B (sodium silicate) are pumped separately through two grouting pumps to a mixer on the shield body, where they are instantly combined to form a plastic gel, injected through radial grouting ports into the annular gap between shield body and excavation face.

Parameter	Recommended Value	Notes
A-mix ratio	1:1 (wt. ratio)	Mix until no lumps
A:B vol. ratio	10:1 – 20:1	Adjust for gel time
Injection pressure	0.2 – 0.5 MPa	Lower than simultaneous grouting
Dosage	0.5 – 2.0 m³（per ring）	Depends on diameter and gap
Gel time	10 – 20 s	No gelling before reaching gap

Note: Kenixiao is used in conjunction with simultaneous grouting. Kenixiao fills the shield body peripheral gap for settlement control; simultaneous grouting fills the gap between segments and ground.

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